Xiao Bai Cai

Other common names: Bok Choy, Pak Choi, 小白菜

Xiao bai cai is a popular leafy vegetable used in Chinese cooking, and is typically stir-fired, blanched, or steamed. They produce a loose head of leaves with thick leaf stalks that light green or whitish near the base.

An annual crop, this plant is often grown and consumed under 2 months. Its rapid harvest cycle makes it useful for crop rotation.

Due to its shallow root system, these plants are a popular choice for container gardening.

Xiao bai cai is part of the Brassica or cabbage family, which also includes other popular vegetables like cai xin and kai lan.

Sun and soil needs:

Xiao bai cai does best in more than 6 or more hours of indirect sunlight, or around 4-5 hours of direct sunlight.

Plants do best in pots with loamy soil at least 10cm deep, or in true ground. These plants are vulnerable to root rot, so ensure that your pots drain well, and that your soil has plenty of organic matter to let the roots breathe. Keep your plants cool with mulch and plenty of water to encourage growth.

Sowing seeds:

Sow seeds individually in a seedling tray filled with potting mix or seedling mix. Lightly mist the soil until damp, once a day. Seeds should sprout within a week.

The seedlings will be vulnerable to high heat and heavy rain and are best kept in a sheltered propagation area or a shaded space with around 4 hours of partial or direct sunlight.

Transplanting:

Seedlings will be ready for transplanting into pots or true ground when they have developed 4 or more leaves, or roughly a week or two after germination. Leave 10-20cm between each plant to encourage more growth, better ventilation, and no etiolation.

Growing:

Xiao bai cai is a rapid grower and will produce more leaves if fed with high nitrogen fertilisers. Plants can be fertilised regularly once every two weeks after transplanting for a fuller crop.

Harvesting:

Plants can be harvested for leaves and stems at any size, with younger leaves being the most tender. Most gardeners will harvest their crop around three weeks to a month after sowing.

The whole plant can be harvested once by cutting the head at the base or multiple times by harvesting the older leaves as per the cut-and-come-again method.

Harvest cycle:

Propagation:

Xiao bai cai is primarily grown from seeds.

Common problems & solutions:

Caterpillars, usually from the Diamondback moth and Tussock moth, can rapidly eat all the leaves of your plant. If your plant has lots of large holes and small brown or black fecal pellets scattered around damaged leaves, you likely have a caterpillar infestation. Manually remove the caterpillars by hand and protect your plants with netting.

Leaf miners are fly larvae that eat the leaves from the inside, leaving white lines or patches in their wake. Manually remove damaged leaves and use fine mesh netting to stop the adult flies from laying eggs on the plant again.

Etiolation is characterised by plants growing long and skinny, with weak stems and small leaves. The plants may also sometimes look yellowish. Plants etiolate when they do not get enough sunlight, which results in slow growth and untidy forms. To prevent this, grow plants in environments with enough light for them and make sure that each plant has enough space to prevent overcrowding.

These plants are vulnerable to sunburn in more than 6 hours of direct sunlight. Use shade netting to protect your plants or replant in a shadier spot.